Orthognathic surgery is the surgical repositioning of the maxilla, mandible, or both to correct skeletal discrepancies of the jaws and face, restoring functional occlusion and facial balance. It is indicated for dentofacial deformities such as malocclusion that cannot be resolved by tooth movement alone, facial asym…
Orthognathic surgery is the surgical repositioning of the maxilla, mandible, or both to correct skeletal discrepancies of the jaws and face, restoring functional occlusion and facial balance. It is indicated for dentofacial deformities such as malocclusion that cannot be resolved by tooth movement alone, facial asymmetry, and conditions including obstructive sleep apnoea, and it is typically performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in close coordination with orthodontists. Treatment is staged: presurgical orthodontics aligns and decompensates the dental arches, cephalometric and three-dimensional analysis quantifies skeletal relationships in the antero-posterior and other planes, surgery reorients the bony segments, and postsurgical orthodontics refines the final occlusion. The discipline overlaps with related skeletal and orthodontic approaches, including the combined orthodontic and surgical management of Class III malocclusion, treatment of skeletal Class II patterns with maxillary constriction, and the use of skeletal anchorage such as orthodontic mini-implants and palatal expanders to address open bite and transverse deficiency. Scholarship in this field reports diagnostic measurement, treatment planning, surgical technique, and outcomes of interdisciplinary care. The resulting evidence supports accurate case selection, coordinated orthodontic-surgical sequencing, and protocols that improve masticatory function, airway, and facial aesthetics in patients with significant skeletal malocclusion.
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