Venoms

Venoms are complex mixtures of proteins and other biologically active molecules that typically have an adverse effect on the organism when injected or otherwise delivered in the body. They are produced by a variety of animals, including bees, snakes and spiders, and are used by the animal as a means of defense or predation. Venoms contain many biologically active components, such as anticoagulants, toxins, and neurotoxins, which can have both positive and negative impacts. In medical and veterinary research, venoms are studied for their potential to be developed into therapeutics to treat a range of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, pain, stroke and cancer. They are also used as tools to investigate fundamental biological processes, such as the neurological pathways and immune system.