Karyotyping

Karyotyping is a laboratory technique used to examine the number and structure of chromosomes in cells. It involves the processing and staining of chromosomes that are visible under a microscope, allowing them to be arranged into a karyogram – a notation that organizes the chromosomes into pairs according to their size, shape, and other features. Karyotyping enables scientists to detect genetic abnormalities and is used to diagnose genetic diseases and to study the evolution of species. It can also be used to study the effects of environmental factors such as exposure to radiation, toxins and drugs. Karyotyping is an important tool in modern medical research and is essential for our understanding of the genetic basis of health and disease.