Open Access Pub publishes peer-reviewed, free-to-read open-access articles. Showing
articles matching mammary gland — open any to read the full text,
or download the PDF or XML.
Jul 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-20-3434
R.R. Moreira PamelaCorresponding author
Background The mammary glands are the second most common tumor development site in female dogs. One of the ways of staging such tumors is to evaluate the presence or absence of distant metastasis, including in bone marrow. Such findings in human medicine are associated with poor survival of women with breast tumors. However, in veterinary medicine, this clinical staging is used more for patients with lymphomas and mastocytomas. Studies using bone marrow biopsies as a staging method for mammary tumors are scarce. Objectives The present study was to evaluate mammary lesions and bone marrow in 23 female dogs, searching for disseminated tumor cells or metastatic foci. Results: Grade I carcinoma in mixed tumors was the type most observed (22.4%), and there was no statistical difference in relation to tumor size or presence of metastasis in lymph nodes. In the bone marrow of one female dog with carcinosarcoma (4.35%), there was cytoplasmic marking of a probable disseminated tumor cell of epithelial origin, and immunohistochemical evaluation showed presence of cytokeratin-19 antibodies. None of the female dogs presenting reduced cellularity or medullary fibrosis, confirmed through Masson’s trichrome technique, had cell marking in immunohistochemical analyses. Conclusions Bone marrow evaluation can be used as a staging method for mammary gland tumors in female dogs, since disseminated tumor cells present the potential to become secondary lesions and to disseminate to distant foci, thereby causing tertiary metastases over an indeterminate period of time.
Jul 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-17-1586
Caroline ROSOLEM MayaraCorresponding author
Students of the Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil.
The mammary tumor is one of the most common cancer in female dogs and, at the present days, there is a big focus on the study of the relation between this kind of tumor in animals and the cells that stay around them, like the inflammatory cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate and show where the inflammatory cells stay in simple mammary carcinomas in female dogs by immunohistochemistry. Samples of simple mammary carcinomas (tumor group; n=26) and mammary gland samples without tumor (control group; n=18) were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis for the detection of T lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and the MHC-II molecule. The mast cells were evaluated by the histochemical technique (toluidine blue). Lymphocytes, macrophages and mast cells were observed distributed in the tumor stroma. MHC-II was detected in tumor cells and in the inflammatory infiltrate. Plasma cells predominated in the peritumoral stroma. Macrophages differed significantly between the two groups and predominated in the tumor group. In the comparison between histological types of mammary carcinomas, mast cells differed significantly between solid tumors of the tubular / papillary types. The cytoplasmic immunodetection of MHC-II was suggested an inefficient antigen presentation. Some of the leukocytes present in the tumor infiltrate, appear to be exerting a pro-tumor effect and allowing the progression of tubular and papillary carcinomas. But in solid carcinomas (may be poorly immunogenic), as they had the lowest proportion of leukocytes present in the tumor site. More studies are necessary to confirm these results, such as the determination of the cytokine profile and the predominant leukocyte subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment.
Jul 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-1716.jn-17-1495
J Gonzalez MichaelCorresponding author
University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Schools of Public Health and Pharmacy, San Juan PR.
Diets high in unsaturated fatty acids, especially those containing high levels of linoleic acid, e.g., corn oil, enhance mammary gland tumorigenesis in experimental animals. In contrast, diets high in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA), e.g. menhaden oil, appear to have a suppressive effect on this tumorigenic process. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the tumor inhibitory action exerted by menhaden oil and other fish oils, e.g., differences in prostaglandin metabolism, energy efficiency, alterations of the immune system, changes in lipid peroxidation, etc. Fundamental to a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon, however, is an understanding as to whether or not the tumor inhibitory activities of dietary fish oil is mediated via an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation or mediated via an enhancement of tumor cell loss. Whether the amount of dietary fat or the type of fat effects mammary tumorigenic processes, via an effect on tumor cell proliferation or tumor cell loss, has not been clearly established. In the studies described in this communication, three methods were utilized to study tumor cell proliferation, i.e., H3-thymidine autoradiographic analysis, 5-bromo 2'-deoxyuridine (Brdu) flow cytometric analysis, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) flow cytometric analysis. Two methods were used to study tumor cell loss, i.e., a determination of the I125Urd tumor emission rate and a determination of a cell loss factor from the formulas of Steel and Begg. The tumor examined was the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA- MB231 maintained in athymic nude mouse. No significant difference in cell proliferation between carcinomas of mice fed a high corn oil diet (20% w/w) and a diet high in fish oil (19% menhaden oil, 1% corn oil). In contrast, a significant (p<0.05) increase in the rate of I125Urd emission rate and cell loss factor from the carcinomas in the fish oil fed mice compared to the corn oil fed mice was observed. In summary, the decreased tumor volume in the human breast carcinomas maintained in athymic nude mice fed a fish oil diet as compared to those fed a corn oil diet, appears to be due, at least in part, to an increased rate of carcinoma cell loss rather than a decreased rate of carcinoma cell proliferation.