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Jun 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-450X.jom-24-5114
Hammett FelixCorresponding author
Objective We aimed to assess outcomes in patients undergoing sequential intragastric balloon (IGB) treatment for obesity. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent treatment between May 2014 and February 2023 were identified. We recorded outcomes including: weight at 3-monthly intervals, progression to definitive bariatric procedure and morbidity. Results 45 patients were identified. Median weight loss with first IGB was 15.2kg (8.8%). 11 patients (26.7%) had a second IGB, with median weight loss of 3.3kg (1.9%). 21 patients (46.7%) were suitable for definitive surgery after first IGB treatment. One further patient (2.2%) was suitable for surgery after a second IGB. During first IGB, median weight loss was observed during the each of the first three quartiles (months 0-3: 10.1kg; months 3-6: 2.3kg; months 6-9: 4.2kg). There was a median 2kg weight gain during months 9-12. Conclusions Greatest weight loss was achieved during first IGB treatment. Sequential IGB treatment did not lead to beneficial weight loss or progression to surgery. Weight loss with first IGB was not uniform across the 12 month period of treatment, with net weight gain during the last quartile.
Mar 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2768-0207.jbr-21-3455
FAKIR YoussefCorresponding author
Laboratory of Information Processing and Decision Support, University Sulan Moulay Slimane
In recent times, the urge to collect data and analyze it has grown. Time stamping a data set is an important part of the analysis and data mining as it can give information that is more useful. Different mining techniques have been designed for mining time-series data, sequential patterns for example seeks relationships between occurrences of sequential events and finds if there exist any specific order of the occurrences. Many Algorithms has been proposed to study this data type based on the apriori approach. In this paper we compare two basic sequential algorithms which are General Sequential algorithm (GSP) and Sequential PAttern Discovery using Equivalence classes (SPADE). These two algorithms are based on the Apriori algorithms. Experimental results have shown that SPADE consumes less time than GSP algorithm.
Nov 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-3379.jwc-25-5549
Chukwuma Sr ChrysanthusCorresponding author
This short communication/mini-review immensely emphasizes human health to explicate and elucidate management of the global scourge associated with the determinants and impact of vulnerabilities to extreme hydrologic events and climate change in the absence of risk reduction and their concomitant sequelae. The most effective approach for risk reduction associated with biodiversity, environmental, and health vulnerabilities due to climate change and extreme hydrological events, an ecological framework must take into cognizance exposure, vulnerability, and resilience. This framework emphasizes the significance of understanding the inextricable linkage between ecosystems and human communities are exposed and susceptible to hazards, sensitivity to these hazards, and capacity to cope, adapt and recuperate. Risk reduction incorporates structurally attenuating exposure, strengthening resilience, and sustainably enhancing overall vulnerability management. Extreme weather and climate-associated incidents impinge on human health with consequential morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic challenges and constraints. Climate change and extreme event have altered the frequency, intensity, geographic distribution, and propensity as drivers for change in the future. The indicted variables include hydrological events, such as precipitation, floods and droughts as well as heat waves, wildfires, global warming, extreme temperatures, and hurricanes. The pathways inextricably-linked with extreme events to economic dissipation, human health prognosis and outcomes remain inexplicably diverse and complex; and thus, difficult to predict due to their emergence and reemergence from local, societal and environmental factors which influence disease burden.
Sep 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-25-5687
A Shaw NigelCorresponding author
Depending upon the species, the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) consists of four or five major high frequency components. According to longstanding doctrine, each wave represents the sequential activation of successively higher nuclei and tracts from the 8th (auditory) nerve to the midbrain (inferior colliculus). Although this conceptual framework has acquired the status of near dogma, surprisingly little evidence exists in support. In the present analysis, a new interpretation of the electrogenesis of the BAEP is proposed which is simpler although it retains skeletal elements of the older explanation. The revised model is mostly derived from two distinct sources. In the first, the timing of the BAEP waves is compared with that of cortical activity for a range of mammals including humans, monkeys, cats, rats and guinea pigs. It is demonstrated that for each of these, the conduction time of the acoustic signal to the cortex from the putative midbrain component (wave IV or V) is so unrealistically long that it implies that the entire waveform must arise in the peripheral pathways of the auditory system. In the second, a retrospective analysis is made of click repetition rates on the BAEP using extradural electrodes. It was shown that at high rates of stimulation (about 100/sec), the behavior of the waveform is almost totally at variance with the expectations of the conventional model. The essence of the revised conception is that all BAEP waves are just variations of the compound action potential of the 8th nerve, albeit generated or regenerated via separate routes and different methods. Such an explanation would thereby account for their near uniform sharp morphology as well as creating the impression of a composite neuronal response. More specifically, in the case of a four component BAEP, wave I is assumed to be generated by the normal air conduction route in an identical manner to the conventional explanation. In contrast, wave ll is assumed to be generated via bone conduction in the temporal skull thereby bypassing the transduction process in the middle ear. Wave lll is assumed to be generated by the first echo of the bone-conducted sound wave. Likewise, the second rebound within the temporal bone serves as the stimulation to evoke wave lV. As the energy of the auditory stimulus gradually dissipates, it may still continue to generate a train of lower amplitude potentials. It is concluded that the BAEP may contain little or no brainstem or midbrain activity and therefore the term BAEP may be a misnomer. A more appropriate epithet might therefore be the auditory nerve evoked potential or ANEP.
Apr 2024
Ma YongCorresponding author
A procedure has been developed for synthesizing peptides in an aqueous solution with a reusable solid phase. Specifically designed linker molecule is employed to attach peptides to hydrophilic solid phases, enabling Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) in aqueous solutions. The linker molecule is utilized to connect peptides to an anionic exchange resin during peptide synthesis in an aqueous solution. The general structure of the linker molecule is Fmoc-AA-CH2-Ph-Rx-SO3-, the Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) group serves as a protecting group for amino acids. Amino acids (AA) are linked to the solid phase through a structure of Methoxyphenylcarbonyl group, which is cleavable under strong acidic conditions. The sulfate group is present for forming an ionic bond with the solid resin in an aqueous solution. In this procedure, Fmoc-AA are utilized as building blocks for sequentially adding amino acids in peptide synthesis. Due to Fmoc-AA poor solubility in aqueous solutions, a procedure was developed to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic compounds, with a specific emphasis on dissolving Fmoc-protected Amino Acids (Fmoc-AA) in an aqueous solution. This enhancement facilitates SPPS in aqueous conditions with Fmoc-AA as building blocks. Cationic exchange resin, which is reusable, serves as the solid phase. Our research objective is to shift from the use of organic solvents to an aqueous system while maintaining the existing SPPS practices in organic solvents as closely as possible. This transition involves minimal alterations, maintaining consistency with the organic solvent system, except for the utilization of novel peptide linker molecule to hydrophilic solid resins that are commercially available. This approach is designed to facilitate a more readily acceptable transition for the peptide synthesis industry from using organic solvents to aqueous solution, contributing to greener and more sustainable synthetic methodologies.
Apr 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-5518.jcci-23-4554
Botchorishvili IngaCorresponding author
This report details sequential rare complications arising from a vascular stent infection. Clinical course, microbiology, and imaging are outlined, with emphasis on early recognition and multidisciplinary management. Lessons for device surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship are highlighted.
Dec 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2766-8681.jcsr-22-4400
Hayashi TomoyaCorresponding author
Tactile information plays an important role in human manipulation of objects; however, prosthetic limb placement or teleoperation requires the manipulation of alternative bodies in the absence of tactile sensations. To provide an alternative to tactile sensation, this study proposes and assesses a continuous feedback scheme with temporally coded vibration. This scheme was designed to provide discrete intended tactile information in response to changing object-controlled situations by repetitively presenting time-coded vibration patterns. The effects of the proposed scheme on an object with acatch-and-hold task in virtual reality were confirmed. Compared to the control feedback scheme that provides vibration only when the balance of the virtual grip force and object position is changed, the proposed feedback scheme has a better effect in terms of the success rate of holding on to the object with an appropriate holding force during the task. The effect is larger, especially in the invisible task condition, suggesting that the increased amount of information with coded vibration patterns can be used without any special training, especially without visual information. Considering the existing studies that show the effect of a feedback scheme in response to motion events, the continuous feedback scheme proposed in this study may be more suitable for movements that require sequential coordination and passive responses than stimulation methods based on motion events. This feedback scheme has potential applications not only in tele-technology but also in healthcare, such as rehabilitation.
Dec 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-5518.jcci-19-3133
Sanikidze TamarCorresponding author
Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
To demonstrate that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may in some cases be a safe option for patients with a high-risk surgical category, we report a complex clinical case of revascularization of multivessel coronary artery disease including left main coronary artery (LMCA) quadrifurcation. Methods For safety reasons, PCI was done in 2 separate sessions (staged PCI). Stenting of the LMCA quadrifurcation was performed using different stenting techniques in combination: modified balloon mini crush stenting technique was used - for LMCA and intermediate artery (IMA) stenting; modified balloon crush stenting technique was used for LMCA, circumflex artery (CX) and first obtuse marginal branch (OM1) stenting; provisional stenting technique was used for CX stenting, followed by sequential kissing balloon post-dilatation technique between LMCA and every branch; proximal optimization technique (POT) was performed in the LMCA. Left anterior descending artery (LAD), intermediate artery, circumflex artery, first obtuse marginal branch, left main coronary artery and its quadrifurcation were stented with 5 drug-eluting stents (DES) (Resolute Integrity, Medtronic); right coronary artery (RCA) was stented with 3 bare-metal stents (BMS) (Rebel, Boston Scientific). Results The interventions ended without complications, the ejection fraction increased from 35% to 48%, congestive heart failure functional class decreased to class I. Subsequent coronary angiography, eight months after the last PCI, revealed patent stents with mild, nonsignificant restenosis. More than three years after the intervention, the patient has no complaints (according to MACE). Conclusions It should be considered that in case of the selection of suitable patients and the use of the appropriate revascularization technique, LMCA quadrifurcation lesion can be successfully treated with PCI.
Feb 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2689-4602.jes-18-2431
F Chadov BorisCorresponding author
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Department of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
The existing hypotheses on speciation rely on Mendelian genes and mutations in them. However, genome-wide sequencing demonstrates that the Mendelian genes account less than one-tenth of the entire genome DNA. This means that a greater part of the genome has not yet been subject to large-scale evolutionary consideration. This paper deals with the conditional mutations in drosophila, which are mutations of the genes belonging to a special category (ontogenes) controlling the program of individual development. The ontogenes presumably reside in the DNA of intergenic spaces and introns. Conditional mutations display a number of properties absent in the mutations of Mendelian genes. These specific properties allow three key problems in speciation to be solved: (1) the possibility of emergence of new traits as a result of sequential mutagenesis; (2) selection of mutants; and (3) establishment of isolation. We have shown that (1) the mutations in ontogenes are able to form new multigenic regulatory blocks that escape selection during their creation; (2) mutations in ontogenes allow for existence of constantly acting zygotic selection, which is by no means less important for speciation than Darwinian selection; and (3) owing to their conditionally lethal effect, the mutations in ontogenes are able to create biological isolation barrier. This gives the grounds for assuming that the emergence of mutations in ontogenes is a necessary condition for speciation.
Aug 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2572-3030.jcgb-18-2183
F. Niculescu VladimirCorresponding author
Cell Biologist, Germany, Kirschenweg 1, 86420 Diedorf
This paper reviews the state of cancer research in the post-mutation era. It presents cancer as a highly complex disease viewed differently by scientists from various research fields. Histopathologists considered cancer as a disease of cell differentiation, cancer cell biologists overestimated the causal role of accumulated DNA mutations. More recently molecular biologists have focused on driver genes and driver mutations, regulatory gene networks and deregulation of the genomic balance between unicellular and multicellular gene sets (UG/MG balance). From a developmental biological standpoint, there is a clear analogy between the reproductive life cycles of cancer and protists. The key player of both analogous life cycles is the polyploid cyst, the atavistic cyst-like structure aCLS (PGCC). In the analogy to protists, we assume that the first aCLS initiating cancer originates from a mitoticly blocked cell (cell of origin of cancer, protoprecursor) that escapes death entering an atavistic reproductive process of polyploidisation and depolyploidisation; it forms the atavistic cyst-like structure aCLS and numerous daughter cells (microcells). The microcell progeny develops a multi-lined cell lineage containing stem cells as well as somatic and reproductive cells and clones. Subsequent aCLSs are formed sequentially by committed daughter cells or occasionally by stressed somatic cells. Accordingly, cancer initiation occurs by genomic changes leading to the amitotic cell state and reactivation of an atavistic life cycle. In humans, atavistic life cycles and hyperpolyploidisation (n >16) are mostly repressed by stable gene regulatory networks – but not in cancer. The permanent UG/MG gene conflict and robust ancient surveillance mechanisms trigger a cascade of molecular lesions leading to genomic heterogeneity and aberrant cancer cell states.
Jun 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-16-1101
A. M. Herbella FernandoCorresponding author
Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Background/Aims: Esophageal motor abnormalities are frequently found in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The effect of bile in esophageal dysmotility is probably secondary to mucosal signaling to the muscular layer and not a transmural process. This study aims to identify the mucosa-muscular signaling path by receptors blockage in an experimental study. Methods: Fifteenguinea pig esophagi were isolated and ex-vivo esophageal contractility was assessed with force transducers. The esophagi were incubated in 100 µM ursodeoxycholic acid for 1 hour and 5 sequential contractions induced by 40 mM KCl spaced by 5 minutes were measured. After 30 minutes, esophagi specimens were incubated in 3 different smooth-muscle contraction antagonists: atropine (1µM) in 5, suramin (1µM) in 5 and genistein (1µM) in 5. The same protocol for contractions was repeated. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and encompass the mean of five stimuli. Experimental procedures were approved by the University Institutional Review Board. Results: Contraction amplitudes after bile incubation but before antagonist incubation were 1.6±0.6 g, 1.2±0.8 g, and 1.2±0.4 g for atropine, suramin and genistein, respectively. Mean contraction amplitudes after antagonists instillation were 1.2±0.6 g, 1.4±0.5 g, 0.9±0.2 g, respectively. There was no different in contraction amplitude before and after instillation of atropine (p=0.188), suramin (p=0.488) or genistein (p=0.079). Conclusion: Our results show that blockage of cholinergic (atropine), purinergic (suramin) or tyrosine kinase (genistein) paths do not change esophageal dysmotility induced by bile. Other molecular path may play the role in this scenario.