Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

Osteopenia and Osteoporosis are two different bone diseases that are characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass. Osteopenia is often considered the early stages of osteoporosis and is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. Osteoporosis is a more severe form of bone disease; it causes a loss of bone thickness and an increased risk of fractures. Both of these conditions are associated with age-related changes in bone structure as well as lifestyle factors such as inadequate dietary calcium, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Treatment and prevention of both osteopenia and osteoporosis often involve a combination of lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and improved nutrition as well as medications to help prevent bone loss. Additionally, regular bone density tests are recommended for those at risk for bone diseases in order to detect bone loss before it becomes severe.