Chromosome 21

Chromosome 21 is a very important component of the human genome. It is the smallest and most widely studied of the 46 chromosomes in humans, and it is the only chromosome to contain one distinct gene, amyloid precursor protein (APP). Chromosome 21 is associated with several genetic disorders, including Down Syndrome, which is the most common genetic disorder with an estimated occurrence rate of 1 in 800 live births. Research has also identified a variety of diseases and conditions that have been associated with abnormalities of Chromosome 21 including Alzheimer’s disease, autism, childhood leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome. In addition, research has linked abnormalities in Chromosome 21 to other developmental and physical disorders leading to a better understanding of the cause of these disorders. As a result of this research, there is increased potential for the development of more effective treatments for these diseases and conditions.