Lichens

Lichens are a type of symbiotic organism, made up of a fungus and an alga living in a mutually beneficial relationship. This type of relationship is essential in environments with harsh and extreme climates, such as polar regions and deserts, since the combination of their unique physical and chemical properties allows for lichens to survive and thrive in these conditions. Lichens have a variety of uses, ranging from a food source for many animals and a source of natural dyes and medicines, to an indicator of air quality and an important indicator of climate change. They also provide a habitat for other small organisms, and are able to colonize and help stabilize soils in extreme environments. Therefore, they play an important role in the maintenance of the global ecosystem.